雙碳目標的司法服務體系構建
Construction of a Judicial Service System for the Double Carbon Goal
（一）最高人民法院明確保護自然資源的涉碳權利
The Supreme People’s Court explicitly defines the protection of carbon-related rights to natural resources
雙碳指的是2020年9月中國提出2030年“碳達峰”與2060年“碳中和”目標。在雙碳目標背景下，我國生態文明建設進入了以降碳為重點戰略方向、推動減污降碳協同增效的關鍵時期。最高院發布了2021年《關于新時代加強和創新環境資源審判工作為建設人與自然環境和諧共生的現代化提供司法服務和保障的意見》（下稱2021《意見》）和2023年《關于完整準確全面貫徹新發展理念為積極穩妥推進碳達峰碳中和提供司法服務的意見》（下稱2023《意見》），明確了
碳排放權、碳匯、碳衍生品等涉碳權利的重要性，以及應當依法妥當處理涉及確權、交易、擔保以及執行民事糾紛。
‘The ‘Double Carbon Goal’ refers to China's target of "carbon peaking" by 2030 and "carbon neutrality" by 2060 proposed in September 2020. Against the background of the Double Carbon Goal, the construction of China's ecological civilization has entered a critical period setting carbon reduction as the key strategic direction and promoting synergy between pollution reduction and carbon reduction. The Supreme People’s Court issued the 2021‘Opinions on Strengthening and Innovating Environmental Resource Trials to Provide Judicial Services and Guarantees for Constructing the Modernization of Harmonious Coexistence of Human Beings and the Natural Environment in the New Era’(“2021 Opinions”) and the 2023 ‘Opinions on Providing Judicial Services for the Active and Steady Promotion of the Peak Carbon Achievement and Carbon Neutrality though Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Idea’(“2023 Opinions”), which clarified the importance of carbon-related rights, such as carbon emission rights, carbon sinks and carbon derivatives, as well as the need for properly handling civil disputes related to the establishment of rights, transactions, guarantees and enforcement in accordance with the law.
Status Quoof Trials on Carbon-Related Transactions of Natural Resources
雙碳背景下的生態環境領域《意見》明確了三方面：第一，明確自然資源的財產權屬，涉及土地、草原、礦藏、森林、海域等領域的所有權與使用權；第二，構建了生態保護補償機制，落實涉碳
公益訴訟和生態環境損害賠償案件的司法審判；第三，自然資源涉碳的爭議解決方式多元化，行政調解、行政處罰與司法審判相銜接，實現調解、仲裁和訴訟有機銜接。
The Opinions in the field of ecology and environment in the context of Double Carbon Goal clarifies three aspects: first, clarification of the property rights of natural resources, involving the ownership and use of land, grassland, mineral deposits, forests, sea areas, etc.; second, construction of a compensation mechanism for ecological protection, and implementing the judicial trial of public-interest litigation and ecological and environmental damages; third, diversification of dispute settlement methods involving carbon in natural resources, linking administrative mediation, administrative penalties and judicial trials, and realization of the organic convergence of mediation, arbitration and litigation.
因此2021年與2023年《意見》中已明確了生態資源的涉碳權利以及一系列的司法保障。
Therefore, the carbon-related rights of ecological resources and a series of judicial guarantees is already clearly defined in the 2021 and 2023 Opinions.
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